Comparative efficacy and safety of rituximab, tocilizumab, and teprotumumab in Graves' orbitopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

چکیده

Graves' orbitopathy (GO) affects 25-50% of patients with Graves' disease. It progresses through phases, from active inflammation to fibrosis. Thyrotropin-related antibodies (TRAb) and Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) contribute to GO's pathogenesis. Conventional treatments like glucocorticoids…

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